Kenya is facing a sharp rise in new HIV infections, and recent national data confirms that Gen Z and Millennials are currently driving most of the new cases. The latest HIV Estimates Report by the National Syndemic Disease Control Council (NSDCC), released on Sunday, November 30, 2025, shows that the country recorded 19,991 new infections over the past year. This represents a 19 per cent increase from 16,752 cases reported the previous year, signaling a growing public health concern that demands renewed, youth-centered action.
Most of these new infections were reported among young people aged 15 to 34. The council emphasized that this age bracket now carries the largest share of HIV transmission, underscoring the need for interventions that directly target young adults’ everyday environments, challenges, and behaviors.
At the county level, 10 regions accounted for 60 per cent of all new infections. Nairobi topped the list with 3,045 cases, followed by Migori with 1,572, and Kisumu with 1,341. Other counties that featured prominently include Homa Bay, Busia, Siaya, Kakamega, Nakuru, Mombasa, and Bungoma. The data shows that these counties form the core of ongoing transmission, pointing to health access gaps and persistent social factors that keep certain regions at higher risk.
“In 2024, the national HIV prevalence stood at 3.0 per cent, with higher rates among females (4.0%) compared to males (2.0%),” states the Kenya HIV Estimates report. This difference highlights the continued gender disparity in vulnerability and exposure. The council noted that the persistent clustering of infections in certain regions calls for more strategic, county-led solutions that reflect local realities.
HIV-related deaths also increased. The report documents 21,007 deaths in 2024, a rise from 18,473 in 2023. Health Principal Secretary Ouma Oluga described these numbers as a reminder of the importance of timely testing, strong treatment adherence, and long-term retention in care. “AIDS-related deaths, recorded at 21,007 in 2024, remind us of the need for renewed focus on early diagnosis, treatment adherence, and retention in care,” said Ouma.
As of 2024, Kenya had 1,326,336 people living with HIV, including 62,798 children. However, not all counties recorded increases. Regions such as Elgeyo-Marakwet, Wajir, Mandera, Kisii, Machakos, Kericho, Uasin Gishu, Nakuru, Bomet, Baringo, Trans-Nzoia, and Laikipia achieved a 75 per cent reduction in new infections. The NSDCC attributed this progress to sustained community sensitization, accessible testing, and wider adoption of preventive measures.
What factors are driving the rise among young people?
The report links the increase to behavioral risks, delayed testing, reduced prevention uptake, and gaps in youth-focused health communication. Social influences, mobility, and limited access to youth-friendly services also play a major role.
According to NSDCC projections for 2025, Kenya could see a 52 per cent drop in new infections if existing interventions are sustained and strengthened. This includes consistent testing, improved treatment access, strong community outreach, and targeted prevention strategies.
The report’s release aligns with the global observance of World AIDS Day on December 1. The annual commemoration, first established in 1988, serves as a moment to reflect on progress, honor those lost to AIDS-related illnesses, and recommit to eliminating stigma while expanding prevention and treatment for all.
By Lucky Anyanje